Let ppp be a prime. What is the value of the Wilson quotient Wp=(p−1)!+1p(modp)W_p = \frac{(p-1)! + 1}{p} \pmod{p}Wp=p(p−1)!+1(modp)?
∑k=1p−11k(modp)\sum_{k=1}^{p-1} \frac{1}{k} \pmod{p}∑k=1p−1k1(modp)
1(modp)1 \pmod{p}1(modp)
0(modp)0 \pmod{p}0(modp)
−1(modp)-1 \pmod{p}−1(modp)