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In a study, a researcher is concerned about 'Non-response Bias'. If is the number of non-respondents and is the total population, and and are the means of respondents and non-respondents respectively, what is the bias formula?
In a study, a researcher is concerned about 'Non-response Bias'. If is the number of non-respondents and is the total population, and and are the means of respondents and non-respondents respectively, what is the bias formula?