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Modular Arithmeticmedium
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If ppp is a prime, how many non-zero elements x∈Zpx \in \mathbb{Z}_px∈Zp​ satisfy x2≡a(modp)x^2 \equiv a \pmod{p}x2≡a(modp) when (ap)=−1\left( \frac{a}{p} \right) = -1(pa​)=−1?