Given A=(01−2−3)A = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ -2 & -3 \end{pmatrix}A=(0−21−3), find the characteristic polynomial.
λ2+3λ+2\lambda^2 + 3\lambda + 2λ2+3λ+2
λ2−3λ+2\lambda^2 - 3\lambda + 2λ2−3λ+2
λ2+3λ−2\lambda^2 + 3\lambda - 2λ2+3λ−2
λ2−3λ−2\lambda^2 - 3\lambda - 2λ2−3λ−2