Modular Arithmetichard
0:00.0

Find the smallest positive integer xx such that x21(modpk)x^2 \equiv 1 \pmod{p^k} is NOT sufficient to imply x±1(modpk)x \equiv \pm 1 \pmod{p^k}. For which prime pp does x21(modpk)x^2 \equiv 1 \pmod{p^k} have more than 2 solutions for k2k \geq 2?