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A psychology researcher measures anxiety levels by observing body language (fidgeting, eye contact, nervous speech patterns) during clinical interviews. Unknown to the researcher, participants assigned to the treatment group are told by a staff member that the treatment is 'highly effective based on preliminary research,' while control participants receive no such information. At the end of each interview, the researcher rates each participant's anxiety on a 1–10 scale. Which type of bias is most likely affecting the researcher's measurements?
A psychology researcher measures anxiety levels by observing body language (fidgeting, eye contact, nervous speech patterns) during clinical interviews. Unknown to the researcher, participants assigned to the treatment group are told by a staff member that the treatment is 'highly effective based on preliminary research,' while control participants receive no such information. At the end of each interview, the researcher rates each participant's anxiety on a 1–10 scale. Which type of bias is most likely affecting the researcher's measurements?