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A hospital evaluates a new high-risk surgical procedure by comparing 100 patients who underwent it to 100 who received conventional treatment. At baseline, the new procedure group is healthier: higher hemoglobin, better kidney function, lower average age. Average recovery time is 20% faster in the new procedure group. Why is it problematic to conclude the new procedure is more effective?
A hospital evaluates a new high-risk surgical procedure by comparing 100 patients who underwent it to 100 who received conventional treatment. At baseline, the new procedure group is healthier: higher hemoglobin, better kidney function, lower average age. Average recovery time is 20% faster in the new procedure group. Why is it problematic to conclude the new procedure is more effective?